Black laser marking on titanium alloys can be achieved through specific methods

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Black laser marking on titanium alloys can be achieved through specific methods

Titanium alloys are widely used in fields such as aerospace, medical devices and high-end electronic products due to their excellent properties. However, how to achieve clear, durable and aesthetically pleasing black marks on the surface of titanium alloys has always been a technical challenge in the industry. This article will provide a detailed introduction to several specific methods that can achieve laser black marking on titanium alloys.

I. Laser-induced oxidation method
The laser-induced oxidation method generates a black oxide film on the surface of titanium alloys through the thermal effect of a laser beam. The key to this method lies in controlling parameters such as the power, pulse width, scanning speed and frequency of the laser to ensure the uniformity and stability of the oxide layer.

(1) Parameter Settings
- Laser power: It is recommended to use a power of around 55% to ensure sufficient energy to promote oxidation reactions on the surface of titanium alloys.
- Pulse width: A shorter pulse width (such as 10-20 nanoseconds) helps reduce the heat-affected zone while ensuring the formation of an oxide layer.
- Scanning speed: A moderate scanning speed (such as 200-300 millimeters per second) can ensure that the laser energy is evenly applied to the surface of titanium alloys, forming a uniform oxide layer.
- Frequency: Selecting a frequency of 30 to 50 kilohertz helps control the thickness and color of the oxide layer.

(2) Auxiliary gas
During the laser marking process, oxygen can be used as an auxiliary gas to promote the oxidation reaction on the surface of titanium alloys, thereby forming a more uniform and stable black oxide film.

Ii. Laser annealing Method
Laser annealing is a method that uses the thermal effect of a laser beam to locally heat the surface of titanium alloys, thereby changing their surface color. This method is suitable for fine marking on the surface of titanium alloys.

(1) Parameter Settings
- Laser power: Use a lower power (such as 20-30% of the rated power) to avoid overheating that could lead to a decline in material performance.
- Scanning speed: A slower scanning speed (such as 800-1200 millimeters per second) helps the laser energy to fully act on the surface of the titanium alloy, achieving color changes.
- Frequency: Selecting a frequency of 20 to 50 kilohertz helps control the degree of heating and color changes.

(2) Defocus quantity
By adjusting the defocus amount of the laser beam, the distribution of laser energy can be changed, thereby affecting the color change on the surface of titanium alloys. Generally, the defocus amount is adjusted within ±0.2 millimeters to achieve the desired black effect.

Iii. Laser Coloring Technology
Laser coloring technology uses a laser beam to form oxide films of different thicknesses on the surface of titanium alloys, and generates specific colors through the interference effect of light. This method can achieve various color marks on the surface of titanium alloys, including black.

(1) Parameter Settings
- Laser power: Use a moderate power (such as 30-50 watts) to ensure the uniform formation of the oxide film.
- Pulse width: Selecting a shorter pulse width (such as 10-20 nanoseconds) helps reduce the heat-affected zone.
- Scanning speed: A moderate scanning speed (such as 200-300 millimeters per second) can ensure the uniformity and stability of the oxide film.
- Frequency: Selecting a frequency of 30 to 50 kilohertz helps control the thickness and color of the oxide film.

(II) Microstructure formation
By forming microstructures at the micrometer level on the surface of titanium alloys through laser beams, the interference effect of light can be further enhanced, thereby achieving a more stable black effect.

Iv. Ultra-short Pulse Laser Processing
Ultrashort pulse lasers (such as picosecond lasers) can transfer high energy to the surface of titanium alloys in an extremely short time, forming a uniform oxide layer. This method not only enables black marking but also features excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance.

(1) Parameter Settings
- Laser type: picosecond laser
Wavelength: 1064 nanometers
- Pulse width: 10 picoseconds
- Power: 30-50 watts
- Scanning speed: 500-1000 millimeters per second
- Repetition frequency: 50-100 kilohertz

(II) Advantages
The thermal effect of ultra-short pulse laser processing is much lower than that of nanosecond laser, causing less damage to materials and achieving high processing accuracy, which can achieve high-quality black marking.

V. Practical Application Cases
(1) Medical devices
In the field of medical devices, the black markings on the surface of titanium alloys can be used to identify product models, production dates, instructions for use and other information. Clear, long-lasting and beautiful black marks can be formed on the surface of titanium alloys through laser-induced oxidation or laser annealing methods.

(II) Aerospace
In the aerospace field, black markings on the surface of titanium alloys can be used to identify information such as the serial number, specification, and batch of components. High-quality black marking can be achieved on the surface of titanium alloys through laser coloring technology or ultra-short pulse laser processing.

(3) High-end electronic products
In the field of high-end electronic products, the black markings on the surface of titanium alloys can be used to identify product models, serial numbers, trademarks and other information. Clear, long-lasting and beautiful black marks can be formed on the surface of titanium alloys through laser-induced oxidation or laser annealing methods.

Vi. Summary
Black marking on titanium alloys by laser can be achieved through a variety of specific methods, including laser-induced oxidation, laser annealing, laser coloring technology and ultra-short pulse laser processing. These methods each have their own advantages and are suitable for different application scenarios. In practical applications, it is necessary to select the appropriate laser marking method based on specific requirements and optimize the laser parameters to achieve high-quality black marking.

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Black laser marking on titanium alloys can be achieved through specific methods